Milkmaids

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Milkmaids (Cardamine californica), or California Toothwort, are early blooming flowers in the Mustard family (Brassicaceae) found in abundant numbers along many redwood pathways.

The picture shows milkmaid flowers on a black background, contrasting the pink or purple to white flowered petals, on the stems of the multi-flowering plant.

Nuttall's Toothwort, a related Cadamine species with purple flowers might be found growing in some redwood habitat. Milkmaids are the dominant of the two species. The picture of the Nuttall's Toothwort was taken under optimal daylight conditions, accurately depicting the multi-flower blooms on a single stem.

© 2008 Patricia A. Michaels